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How does aggregate quality affect concrete?

About 70% of concrete by volume is aggregate. Grading, clay content and washing directly determine strength.

Concrete technology·4 min read

Good concrete starts with good aggregate. Cement is the binder, but it is the aggregate that builds the load-bearing skeleton.

Four critical effects

  • Volume: ~70% of concrete is aggregate, so any error is magnified in proportion.
  • Water demand: poor grading needs more water, and every extra litre lowers strength.
  • Bond: clay and dust on the surface stop the cement paste from adhering.
  • Dimensional stability: suitable aggregate reduces shrinkage and cracking.

Why does grading matter?

A good mix balances different sizes so as to minimise voids. The fewer the voids, the less cement paste — and therefore less water — is needed for the same workability.

Rule of thumb

Aggregate without a sieve analysis is concrete without control. Ask your supplier for regular sieve analyses and washing-loss reports.

Clay and fines

Clay coats the particle surface, lowering bond and raising water demand. That is why we wash the aggregate at the plant and keep the fines content within standard limits.

Fixed source = consistent concrete

Change the quarry and the grading changes with it. Supply fed from a fixed quarry means a mix that stays consistent. See products for our fractions and operations for our facilities.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between crushed stone and gravel?
Crushed stone is angular and rough, with high bond. Gravel is rounded, with good workability but low bond.
What should Dmax be?
Usually 22 mm in structural concrete. 16 mm is preferred in densely reinforced elements.
Can unwashed aggregate be used?
Not recommended because of the risk of clay and fines; strength drops and cracking increases.
Contact

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Ozan Global Holding
An Ozan Global Holding companyA multi-sector industrial group producing in concrete, pipes, mining, marine services and food. İTS Maden, founded in 1994, is the group’s first company.